Incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type.



No. 801,533. PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905. W. MAASKE.

INGANDESGBNT GAS LAMP OF THE INVERTED TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED 14,116.18, 1904.

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No 801,533. PATENTED OGT.10,1905. W. MAASKE. INCANDBSGENT GAS LAMP OFTHE INVERTED TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 18, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905.

W. MAASKE.

INGANDESGENT GAS LAMP OF THE INVERTBD TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG: 18, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIcE.

W ILHELM MAASKE, OF BERLIN, GERBIANY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS,OF ONE-HALF TO FRANZ GLlNlC KE, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 10, 1905.

Application filed August 18,1904. Serial No. 221,283.

To aZZ- whom, it may concern;

Be it known that LlVILHnLM Mansurra citizen of the Empire ofGermany,residing at Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, have invented anew and useful Incandescent Gas-Lamp, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to improvements in incandescent gas-lamps of theinverted type, whereby the unsteady and flickering light hithertoproduced is avoided and a very steady and intensive light is obtained.

The objects of my improvements are, first, to secure the upper edge ofthe incandescent mantle, which is closed at the bottom, in a ringconcentric with the mixing-tube at a certain distance therefrom andprovided with several radial arms; second, to provide on the mixing-tube several brackets or arms for supporting the arms of the ring andleaving ample space to the escaping burnt gases; third, to provide onthe mixing-tube above the several brackets or arms a cap open on oneside for the outlet of the burnt gases and arranged for supporting alamp-shade and a chimney of transparent material, which chimney isclosed below and forms a second com bastion-chamber beneath theincandescent mantle; fourth, to provide in this chimney a plurality ofair-holes so arranged as to cause the air to enter the secondcombustion-chamber either at right angles to the vertical axis of thelamp or in directions inclined downwardly toward the center; fifth, toprovide on the lower end of the mixing-tube a smooth or slittedmouthpiece; sixth, to provide between the gas-supply tube and themixing-tube a nozzle, and, seventh, to so arrange the mixing-tube as toprotect it from excessive heating. I attain these objects by theconstruction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure1 is an elevation of an incandescent gas-lam p, the shade and thetransparent chimney being shown in section and the incandescent mantleindicated by dotted lines. Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectionthrough part of a modified transparent chimney. Fig. 2 is across-section through the mixing-tube on the line A B in Fig. 1 andshows in plan the brackets and the ring thereby supported. Fig. 3 showsa modified nozzle in vertical longitudinal section and bottom view. Fig.st shows another modification of the nozzle in elevation and bottomview. Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section through the upper partof the lamp shown at Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the adjustableregulating-nozzle. Figs. 7 and '7 are elevations of two modifications ofthe adjustable regulating-nozzle. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section throughthe needles of a further modification of the adjustableregulating-nozzle. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section through amodified mixingtube. Fig. 10 is an elevation of the same. Fig. llis avertical longitudinal section through a further modification of themixingtube. Fig. 12 shows a modified mouthpiece of the miXing-tubeinsection. Fig. 13 shows in elevation and vertical longitudinal sectionthe mouthpiece of the mixing-tube in Fi 1, the incandescent mantle beingindicated by dotted lines. Fig. let shows in elevation and verticallongitudinal section a further modification of the mouthpiece. Fig. 15is a vertical longitudinal section through a modified incandescentmantle and its ring. Fig. 16 is a vertical longitudinal section througha further modification of the incandescent mantle and its ring. Fig. 17is a plan of the spring used for securing the incandescent mantle in itsring in Fig. 16, and Fig. 18 is a vertical section through part of athird modification of the incandescent mantle and its ring.

Similar characters of reference refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

On the end of the gas-supply tube 8 (see Fig. 1) is secured a convenientnozzle 6, Fig. 5, having in its bottom 10 two holes &1 41. lVithin thenozzle 6 a small tube 23 is arranged, which is provided with a border 26at the top and two cylindrical pins at the bottom and is pressed upwardby a spring 24: against a stop 10. The two pins 25 are beveled oil' oneither side, Figs. 7 or 7, or both sides, Figs. 5 and 6, or they may bebeveled off on three sides, (see Fig. 8,) so as to present either sharpedges or points, respectively, which engage in the two holes 11 1 andtherewith form nozzles for spreading out the gas-jets. The tube 23 canbe longitudinally adjusted by means of a tapering adjusting-screw 9.

A mixing-tube 7, widened at the upper end, is attached to the nozzle 6,by means of a thread or otherwise, and provided with several air-holesa2 42. On the miXing-tubeT is fastened in any known manner a cap 4, thedownwardly-projecting border 3 of which is cut away on a part-say afourth-of the periphery (see Fig. 1) and provided with three latterthrough the holes 42 42.

lugs 43 43. In the latter three set-screws 13 13 are disposed forsecuring the upper edge of the lamp-shade 2 at a convenient distancefrom the cap 4, so that an ample outlet is formed for the burned gasesescaping in the direction of the arrow 44 in Fig. 1. For furtherdeflecting the burned gases to the side and preventing them from mixingwith the fresh air admitted to the mixing-tube 7 a conveniently-shapedring 45 is preferably secured on the upper edge of the border 3, and,moreover, the edge of the cap 4 is curved upward, somewhat like that ofa'cup. Between the nozzle 6 and the cap 4 a vessel 5, surrounding themixing-tube 7, is disposed and secured in any known manner. This vessel5 is provided on the lower end with a plurality of air-holes 12 12 andforms a chamber in which the air.

is preliminarily heated by taking up the heat from the mixing-tube 7before it enters the In this manner the mixing-tube 7 is prevented frombeing excessively heated. lVhere so preferred, also a plurality ofair-holes 11 11 may be provided in the top of the vessel 5 for furthercooling the mixing-tube.

The mixing-tube 7 is provided with a mouthpiece 15 of the constructionshown at Fig. 13. This mouthpiece 15 has several slits 34 34 and on theexternal surface several ribs 33 33, so that several points taperingdownward are formed. This mouthpiece 15 is at a convenient distancesurrounded by an incandescent mantle 21, which is closed at the bottomand forms an internal combustion-chamber. On the mixing-tube 7 issecured a support 16, of fireproof material, such as magnesia or .thelike, which is made in one piece with three arms 17 17 and threebrackets 18 18. (See Fig. 2.) A ring 20, having three bent arms 19 19,can be easily introduced through the spaces between the three brackets18 18,turned a little, and placed on the latter. It is this ring 20 onwhich the upper edge of the incandescent mantle 21 is fastened. Thefastening of the mantle 21 on the ring 20 can be effected in variousmanners. In Fig. 1 the upper edge of the mantle 21 is assumed to beplaced on the external surface of the ring 20 and secured in the grooveof the latter by means of an encircling spring or threads of asbestos.The incandescent mantle 21 may also have the shape shown at Fig. 15, sothat it can be introduced fromabove into the ring 20 and its upper edgemay rest on the ring 20 and secured in the external groove of thelatterby means of an encircling spring 37, Fig. 17, or asbestos threads.The spring 37 may be covered with asbestos. As shown at Fig. 16, thering 20 may also have an internal groove 38, in which the edge of themantle 21 is secured by means of the spring 37. Where so preferred, thegroove 38 may be lined with asbestos 39, (see Fig. 18,) on which themantle 21. is made to rest. In either case the arms 19 or 19 or 19"require to be shaped accordingly. Projecting from the cap 4 are threebrackets 14 14, in which three set-screws 46 46 are disposed forsecuring the upper edge of a chimney 1 of transparent material, whichconcentrically surrounds the incandescent mantle 21 at a convenientdistance therefrom and forms a spacious second combustion-chamberbeneath the mantle 21. The chimney 1 may be contracted in its upperpart, as is clearly shown at Fig. 1. It is provided with a plurality ofair-holes 23 23, which in oppo sition to hitherto known constructionsare so disposed that the air is caused to enter the secondcombustion-chamber in a direction essentially at right angles to thevertical axis of the lamp without striking the mantle 21.

The incandescent gas-lamp operates as follows: The set-screw 9 is soadjusted that the gas conducted through the supply-tube 8-forciblyescapes through the two holes 41 41 in diverging jets. These gas-jets onentering the mixing-tube 7 produce a vacuum in the widened part of thelatter, whereby air is sucked from without through the air-holes 12 12and 11 11. The air entering the vessel 5 through the lower holes 12 12is preliminarily heated by the contact with the mixingtube 7, so thatthis tube 7 is thereby constantly cooled. The preliminarily-heated airenters the widened part of the mixing-tube 7 through the air-holes 42 42and mixes with thegas in the tube 7. The mixture of air and gas leav ingthe tube 7 is at once ignited and burns in the first combustion-chamberwithin the incandescent mantle 21. A part of the mixture penetratesthrough the line perforations of the incandescent mantle 21 to thesecond combustion-chamber within the lower part of the chimney 1, mixeswith the air entering through the air-holes 23 23, and therewithproduces a flame, which incloses the mantle 21 and escapes upwardthrough the annular space be tween this mantle 21 and the upper part ofthe vessel 1. The burnt gases mix with those coming from the firstcombustion-chamber within the mantle 21 and escape with them in thedirection of the arrow 44 through the outlet formed by the opening inthe border 3 of the cap 4.

The several points 33 of the mouthpiece 15 promote the intimate mixingof the gas and the air and the thorough consumption of the mixture,since part of the latter is divided by the points 33 into severallateral jets, between which the flames pass upward. Owing to the bettermixing of the gas and the air, the formation of shades within theincandescent mantle 21 is considerably reduced. It is essential that thearms 17 17 of the support 16 be made sufiiciently long and the annularspace between the mixing-tube 7 and the ring 20 be ample to permit theburnt gases to freely escape from the first combustion-chamber. Therebythe combustion of the mixture is promoted and the brightness of thelight is l heightened, whereas in the old constructions the annularspace between the mixing-tube and the incandescent mantle is very muchre- 1 duced, so that a bad combustion is the conset quence. It isfurthermore essential that the air entering the secondcombustion-chamber l through the holes 23 23 be conducted in a directionat right angles to the vertical axis of the lamp. so as not to strikethe incandescent mantle 21. Then a steady and intensive light will bethereby obtained, while hitherto in the old lamps the air used to strikethe mean descent mantle from below, so that a flickering light wasproduced and dark stripes were formed on the incandescent mantle.

The incandescent gas-lamp may be varied in many respects withoutdeviating from the spirit of my invention. \Vhere so preferred, theair-holes 23 23 in the chimney 1 may be so placed (see Fig. 1) to causethe air to enter in directions inclined downwardly toward the center.Then theair will neverstrike the incandescent mantle 21. The shape ofthe transparent chimney 1 may be modified while preserving the directionof the entering air indicated above. The mouthpiece 15 may be leftwithout the slits 3st, (shown at Fig. 13)/'. it may be smooth down tothe lower edge 36 and provided on the external surface with several ribs35, tapering downward, as is shown at Fig. 11. Instead of beingcylindrical, as shown, the mouthpiece 15 may either taper or divergedownwardly. The nozzle 6 may be replaced by a simple nozzle 6, Fig. 8,having a cover with two holes 22', the axes of which cross each other,so as to cause the gas to spread out in a thin dovetailed jet, and thuspresent a large contact-surface to the air with which it is to be mixed,or the nozzle (5 may be replaced by a similar nozzle 6", having in itscover two narrow short tubes 22, downwardly inclined toward the center,(see Fig. 4,) whereby the same effect is produced. The shape of thelamp-shade is immaterial.

Vhere so preferred, the mixing-tube 7 may be made partly ofheatnon-conducting material such as asbestos or the like-so as to keepthe heat of the light off from the gassupply tube 8, and thereby tointensify the light. Figs. 2) and 10 show such a mode of execution. Themetallic mixing-tube T ter- 1 minates at a convenient height above the lmouthpiece 47 and is provided with a flange 1 29, on which, say,tworings 31 31 of non-conducting material are placed. Between the 2828, asSliOWli.

internally lined with asbestos or the like, as is shown at Fig. 12. Theflange 29 may also be omitted, and the mixing-tube 7' may be surroundedon its whole length by rings 30 of non-conducting material, and all thevarious rings 30 30 may be secured in a metallic cylinder 28, attachedto the nozzle 6 by means of a threaded flange 32 and to the mouthpiece47 by means of a thread. The flange 32 may be of saponite or othernon-conducting material.

lVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is

1. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a gas-supply tube, of a mixing-tube, a cap on said mixing-tn be andhaving its downwardly-projecting border cut away on a part of theperiphery a hood 5 surrounding the mixing-tube and having its lower endrestingon the upper side of the cap, said hood having holes therein, asupport beneath said cap and provided with brackets projecting downward,a removable ring concentric with and at a distance from said mixing-tubeand having arms to rest on said brackets, an incandescent mantle closedat the bottom and secured with its upper edge on said removable ring,arms downwardly projecting from said cap and provided with se t-screws,and a chimney secured by said set screws and leaving with its closedbottom a space beneath said incandescent mantle and provided with aplurality of air-holes so disposed, that the air entering the space doesnot strike said incandescent mantle.

2. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a gas-supply tube, of a mixing-tube, a cap on said mixing-tube andhaving its downwardly-projecting border cut away on a part of theperiphery a hood 5 surrounding the mixing-tube and having its lower endresting on the upper side of the cap, said hood having holes therein, alamp-shade secured within the border of said cap while leaving an outletfor the bu rnt gases, a support beneath said cap and provided withbrackets projecting downward, a removable ring concentric with and at adistance from said mixing-tube and having arms to rest on said brackets,an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom and secured with its n1pperedge on said removable ring, arms downwardly projecting from said capand provided with set-screws, and a chimney secured by said set-screwsand leaving with its closed bottom a space beneath said incandescentmantle and provided with a plurality of air-holes so disposed, that theair entering the space does not strike said incandescent mantle.

3. .In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a ring, suitably supported from the lamp, of an incandescent mantleclosed at the bottom and extending up through the ring with means forhold 7 ing the said mantle to the ring leaving theinner surface of themantle free from projection, substantially as described.

4:. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a ring adapted to removably rest on a support, of an incandescentmantle closed at the bottom while its upper edge is encircled by saidring and means for securing the mantle to the ring so that the mouth ofsaid mantle will be unobstructed.

5. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inyerted type, the combinationwith a ring adapted to removably rest on a support and provided with aninternal groove, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom whileits upper edge is encircled by said ring and secured in the groove ofthe latter by means of a circularly-bent spring so that the mouth ofsaid mantle will be unobstructed.

. 6. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the invertedtype, the combinationwith a ring adapted to removably rest on a support and provided with aninternal groove, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom andencircled at the upper edge by said ring, and a circularly-bent springof fireproof and elastic material for pressing the upper edge of saidincandescent mantle into the internal groove of said ring so that themouth of said mantle will be unobstructed.

7. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a ring adapted to removably rest on a support and provided with aninternal groove, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom andencircled at the upper edge by said ring, and" a circularly-bent springof fireproof and elastic material and covered with heat-non-conductingmaterial for pressing the upper edge of said incandescent mantle intothe internal groove of said ring so that the mouth of said mantle willbe unobstructed.

8. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a ring adapted to removably rest on a support and provided with aninternal groove lined with asbestos, of an incandescent mantle closed atthe bottom and encircled at the upper edge by said ring, and acircularly-bent spring of fireproof and elastic material for pressingthe upper edge of said incandescent mantle into the internal groove ofsaid ring so that the mouth of said mantle will be unobstructed.

9. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a mixingtube, of a mouthpiece secured in the lower end of saidmixing-tube and provided with a plurality of downwardly-tapering points.

10. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a-mixingtube, of a mouthpiece secured in the lower end of saidmixing-tube and having a plurality of longitudinal slits around itslower periphery having a plurality of V-shaped projections and aplurality of external ribs on said projections, said ribs taperingdownwardly.

11. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a mixingtube having a flange at the lower end, of a mouthpiece at adistance beneath the flange of said mixing-tube, a plurality of rings offireproof and heat-non-conducting material between said mouthpiece andthe flange of said mixing-tube and forming the continuation of thelatter, and means for securing all said parts.

12. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a mixingtube having a flange at the lower end, of a mouth piece offireproof andheat-non-conducting material at a distance beneath theflange of said mixing-tube, a plurality of rings of fireproof andheat-non-conducting material between said mouthpiece and the flange ofsaid mixing-tube andforming the continuation of'the latter, and ametallic cage inclosing said mouthpiece, said plurality of rings and theflange of said mixing-tube.

13. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a gas-supply tube, of a mixing-tube attached to said gas-supplytube and provided at the upper end with a plurality of air-holes, a capon said mixing-tube for supporting the lamp-shade, and a vesselsurrounding said mixing-tube between said gas-supply tube and said capand provided at the lower end with a plurality of air-holes, so that theentering air is preliminarily heated by the contact with the mixingtube.

14. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combinationwith a gas-supply tube, of a mixing-tube attached to said gas-supplytube and provided at the upper end with a plurality of air-holes, a capon said mixing-tube for supporting the lampshade, and a vesselsurrounding said mixing-tube between said gas-supply tube and said capand provided at the lower and the upper ends respectively with aplurality of air-holes, so that the air entering through the lowerairholes is preliminarily heated by the contact with the mixing-tube andthe air entering through the upper air-holes prevents the mixing-tubefrom being excessively heated.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILHELM MAASKE.

Vv'itnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

